TEST 1 WORLD SOCIETIES Example For Students

TEST 1 WORLD SOCIETIES What was the main usefulness of the lateen sail? It maximized use of monsoon trade winds. The magnetic needle compass was so important because it allowed navigators to: sail under cloudy skies on the open seas. What led to the growth of Melaka as a cosmopolitan entrepà ´t? Its strategic location between the Indian Ocean and South China Sea Which of the following is a reason for the success of Islamic trading firms in the Mediterranean? They benefitted from a legal system that promoted a favorable business environment. Which of the following accurately describes commerce in Song ports? State officials registered, examined, and taxed cargo on ships. Which of the following accurately reflects slavery in Islamic society between 1000 and 1300 CE? Slaves served as seafarers, soldiers, domestics, and plantation workers Which of the following reflects the attitude exhibited by Muslim rulers toward Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians, as long as they accepted Islams political rule? Non-Muslims were free to choose their own religious leaders and settle internal disputes. In the Islamic world circa 1300 CE, which of the following provided unity? The Sufi movement offered a unifying force within Islam, despite disapproval from the clerics. Which of the following shows the impact of Ibn Rushds work outside of the Muslim world? He wrote the Shah Nama, which influenced Chinese literature. Which of the following contributed to the Sufis success in spreading Islam to common people? Living in communal brotherhoods and the emotional accessibility of their mystical practices Which of the following explains the success enjoyed by Turkish warlords in conquering sections of South Asia? They introduced their own culture while accepting local practices such as the varna system. Which of the following was the most successful Islamic state in India during the thirteenth century? The Delhi Sultanate Which of the following exemplifies the cultural diversity and blending that took place in the Delhi Sultanate? Multiple languages flourished, including Turkic, Persian, and many local Indian languges. Turkic rulers in India hastened the absorption of Buddhism into Hinduism by which of the following actions? Depriving Buddhism of local spiritual leaders by destroying large monasteries The Song dynasty was unable to completely secure its reign because: the Song were unable to contain the northern nomadic tribes Which of the following made Song iron production in the eleventh century equal to that of Europe in the eighteenth century? Using piston-driven bellows Which of the following was an effect of the Song economys rapid expansion? The supply of metal currency could not meet the demand for it, leading to the creation of paper money. How did Some Emperors lessen the power of the hereditary aristocracy? They increased the number and power of scholar officials in the government bureaucracy. Which one of the following accurately characterizes the Song dynastys power? The Song were relatively weak militarily, despite some of their technological advantages. Between 1000 and 1300, which of the following accurately describes Japans leaders outside of Heian? They began to distance themselves from Chinese influence concerning political and social authority. By the early 1300s, which of the following new social groups supported regional nobles in their competition for political and cultural power with the emperor in Heian? Ambitious samurai What led to a fusion of religious and cultural influences in Southeast Asia? The Malay Peninsula was home to many entrepà ´ts for a variety of merchants shuttling between India and China. What helped crystallize Chinese cultural identity during the Song dynasty? A print culture established classical Chinese as the common language among educated classes in East Asia. Which of the following was the most important political and social change after the Carolingian Empire collapsed? The class of knights subjugated previously free peasants, leading to serfdom in much of western Europe. Why did the rulers of Kievan Russia reject western European religious and political models? Orthodox Christianity spread to Kiev from Constantinople, and Russian trade ties were to the south and east. In what ways was Christian Europe changing during the period from 1000 to 1300 CE? New religious orders and universities arose, and the number of parish churches increased. Which of the following accurately describes Francis of Assisi and his followers? They preached that European believers should weep, confess their sins to their local priest, and strive to become better Christians. Which of the following accurately reflects the thought of Thomas Aquinas? He attempted to prove that Christianity was the only religion that fully met the aspirations of all rational human beings. Which of the following best summarizes the effect of the Crusades on the Southwest Asia? Muslim feelings hardened against the Franks and the millions of Christians who had previously lived peacefully in Egypt and Syria. Which of the following is one of the elements vital to the creation of Europes Christian identity? The emergence of universities and a class of intellectuals associated with them Why were the Spanish conquest of Toledo and the expulsion of Muslim forces from Sicily said to be more important than the Crusades? These campaigns marked turning points in relations between Christian and Muslim power in the Mediterranean. What was the predominant form of social organization in the tropical rain forests of western and central Africa? Small-scale farming societies led by local councils What allowed the Mande-speaking peoples to become the primary agents for social and economic integration within West Africa? Their political organization and expertise in commerce What was an effect of Mansa Musas hajj on the Muslim world? It demonstrated that West Africa was no longer on the isolated periphery of Muslim lands. Which of the following describes the importance of Timbuktu in the fourteenth century? It was a commercial center in West Africa that was an intellectual center for Muslim scholars. Which of the following were the most valued commodities shipped from the East African coast? Slaves and gold Which of the following is an accurate description of the Chimà º Empires growth in South America? It expanded across numerous ecological zones from pastoral highlands to fishing grounds on the Pacific Coast. Which of the following is a similarity between the Chimà º and the Han and Sui Empires? The bureaucracy oversaw the construction and maintenance of irrigation canals. Which of the following accurately describes the Toltecs of Mesoamerica? They rose to power rapidly because they filled the void left by the decline of the city of Teotihuacà ¡n. Which of the following is a similarity between Chan Chan, Tula, and Cahokia? All three were the hubs of major regional trading networks. Which of the following correctly characterizes the Cahokians? The Cahokians built, without draft animals or the use of the wheel, large earthen mounds for use in religious ceremonies. Which of the following constitutes a reason for the beginning of the Mongol invasions under Chinggis Khan? The need to find new grazing land for their herds, which were growing too quickly for available resources What was one of the reasons for the Mongols success in conquering and governing extensive realms? They incorporated some of the ways and technology of conquered people. In contrast to Kublai Khans actions when he captured Hangzhou, what were Hulagus actions after he captured Baghdad? He permitted his troops to savagely slaughter the citys population. What environmental change is credited with forcing pastoral peoples and plague-bearing rodents into closer contact with settled agricultural villages? Drought in the central Asian steppe borderlands South Asia was less severely affected by the Black Death than were settlements along the Silk Road and Mediterranean Sea because: South Asian societies had escaped the Mongol conquest and were not directly linked to Mongol-controlled trade routes. Which of the following is the best description of the economic impact of the Black Death on Afro-Eurasia? The deaths of many farmers led to food shortages, which in turn led to rapidly rising prices, work stoppages, and unrest. Populations in both China and Western Europe succumbed to the plague in large numbers because both had: suffered from years of famine and food shortages that had weakened the populations. In order to reestablish political order following the crises of the fourteenth century, many dynastic rulers: fostered beliefs and rituals that confirmed their legitimacy, such as stating that their power had a divine source. Which of the following statements best explains the impact of the Black Death on the influence of the Christian church in Western Europe? The Black Death unleashed a wave of popular hostility toward the church. Which of the following was the most important factor in the rise of the Ottoman Empire? Mongol forays into Anatolia destabilized the region The Ottoman Empire conquered and absorbed much of what Christian power? The Byzantine Empire To consolidate rule over their conquered empire, the Ottoman sultans: adopted Byzantine administrative practices while maintaining devotion to Islam. Seeing themselves as the shadow of God on earth, Ottoman sultans: funded construction of elaborate mosques. Which of the following statements best describes the Ottoman rulers stance toward regional differences within their territory? They were flexible and tolerant. The janissaries: maintained steadfast loyalty to the sultan and limited the autonomy of provincial rulers What was the Western European Christian churchs response to challenges to its authority following the plague? The church demanded strict obedience and persecuted those who questioned its doctrines. In the fourteenth century, political stabilization in southern Europe was aided by: economic growth through sea trade with southwest Asia. Throughout the fourteenth century, Portuguese Christian rulers attempted to consolidate power by: devoting themselves to fighting the Moors. The Portuguese monarchs successfully consolidated their political power by: granting Atlantic islands to nobles as lucrative hereditary possessions, ensuring the political loyalty of noble families and merchants. In Spain, a strong dynasty was created primarily through: marriage. Which of the following was a major milestone in the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain? The last Muslim stronghold in Spain—Granada—fell to Christian forces. In the late fifteenth century, Ferdinand and Isabella reacted to the Ottoman expansion by: using the Inquisition to create a more homogeneous state. Why did Europeans turn for inspiration to the art and learning of classical Greece and Rome as they rebuilt society after the devastation of the plague? Renaissance humanism provided more scope for secular individuals to act in an expanding world. Identify the primary reason that Renaissance culture spread throughout Europe by the late sixteenth century: economic prosperity and competition between political and religious leaders. Which of the following was a major consequence of the Renaissance? A network of independent, educated people who were not totally reliant on either the state or the church. In The Prince, Niccolà ² Machiavelli argued that: the prince should rule based on the principles of modern statecraft instead of moral or religious The group that eventually drove the Mongols out of China was known as: . the Red Turbans. Which of the following statements best describes the early Ming dynasty? It had to rebuild a devastated society from the ground up after Mongol rule and plague. To project imperial power and grandeur, the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty: constructed the Forbidden City. Ming rulers strengthened their role in traditional rites and ceremonies to: show that the gods favored the Ming. Emperor Hongwu, because he distrusted state bureaucrats and wished to be seen as the guardian of his subjects, entrusted management of the rural regions to local leaders. Ming officials, in contrast to rulers in Portugal and Spain, viewed maritime expansion as: a potential source of disorder and instability. In what way was the effect of the Forbidden City on the populace similar to that of Topkapi palace? Both projected a sense of awe and power. The main goal of Zheng Hes voyages was to: reestablish trade and collect tribute. As a result of the Ming dynastys abandoning support for oceanic exploration: Chinese maritime power declined and opened the way for newcomers and rivals in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia. Which of the following did the rulers of Ming China, the Ottoman Empire, and Western Europe use to unify their expanded territories? Artists and architects, who projected the rulers grandeur and power Which of the following was a major difference between the rulers of Spain and Portugal and the Ottomans? The Spanish and Portuguese rulers expelled or forced the conversion of members of other religions; the Ottomans permitted those with diverse religious beliefs to remain in their territories. . Following the crises of the fourteenth century, which of the following was the most resistant to change? Religious and cultural systems Which of the following factors led to Chinas economic expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? Thriving and elaborate internal trade networks Why were the Portuguese and other Europeans motivated to find new routes to Asia? They were responding to the conquest of Constantinople and the rise of Ottoman power in the Mediterranean. Why was Chinas demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Silver was used to pay taxes and as money in internal markets. After 1570, why was Japan supplanted as the primary source of silver for China? The Spanish took control of the Philippines and used it as a conduit for silver from their colonies in the Americas. What actions did Ottoman officials take to assist the caravan trade transporting goods from China to the Ottoman heartland? Officials established caravan series for travelers refreshment and protection. What led Portuguese traders to explore the coast of Africa in the mid-sixteenth century? Golds value rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals. Which of the following attributes made the caravel useful in exploring African coasts? The caravel was a method of finding longitude, which allowed Portuguese mariners to locate themselves out of sight of land. From where did the Europeans get the model of sugar cane production used in their American colonies? West Africa What was Portugals primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade? To take over the trade or tax local merchants Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean sea lanes in the early sixteenth century? The Portuguese mounted small cannons on their vessels to bombard ports and rival ships. Which of the following accurately describes Columbuss first impression of the Taino people? He believed that they were childlike primitives. Which of the following are reasons that Taino peoples were initially repulsed by Europeans? Europeans hairiness and bad manners What was the benefit to the Spanish crown of an encomienda? The crown received special taxes on the extraction of precious metals from the encomenderos. Which of the following was essential to the Aztec states legitimacy? Kinship and clan networks In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztecs constant warfare? The Aztecs believed that the gods required human hearts and blood, leading to the sacrifice of thousands of war captives. Which of the following was the determinative factor in the Spaniards conquest of the Aztecs? Smallpox spread rapidly among the Aztec warriors and elites. Which of the following allowed the Spanish to defeat both the Aztec and Inca Empires? Both empires suffered from internal weakness and divisions that were exploited by the Spanish. The establishment of colonies in the Americas in the sixteenth century provided Europeans with which of the following advantages in global trade? European products that were not esteemed in Afro-Eurasia could be sold in the Americas. The Columbian Exchange led to which of the following? Corn (maize) replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa. What percent of the Amerindian population was killed by Afro-Eurasian diseases during the sixteenth century? 90 percent Which of the following characterized Spanish tributary empires? The Spanish controlled territory but worked to extract wealth without extensive settlement of Iberian immigrants. Which areas of the Americas produced the bulk of the silver that fueled global commerce in the sixteenth century? Mesoamerica and the Andes What was Europes main contribution to the Atlantic system? Military technology What was the primary reason for the rapid increase in the importation of Africans in sixteenth-century Brazil and the Caribbean? Africans were used as labor for sugar plantations. Why was it necessary to continue to import large numbers of African slaves to replenish labor on sugar plantations? Most of the slaves were men, who suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions. Which of the following sparked Martin Luthers challenge to the Catholic Church? Luther was disgusted with corrupt church practices such as the selling of indulgences. Which of the following beliefs was shared by Luther and Calvin? The belief that the source of religious knowledge lay in the scriptures The Protestant Reformation encouraged the growth of nationalism in Europe by encouraging people to: identify their religion with their local state and language. In the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church responded to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation in which of the following ways? The Church sought to reform clerical corruption. What circumstance permitted the English and Dutch to expand their trade in Asia and the Americas? They took advantage of Spains bankruptcy caused by religious and dynastic wars. Which of the following was a way in which the spread of Protestant beliefs contributed to protracted warfare in Europe between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries? Some Protestants requested support from the Ottoman Turks, asking them to attack the eastern sections of the Holy Roman Empire. In what way was the rule of the Mughals under Akbar different from that of contemporary European monarchs? Akbar encouraged discussion between members of different religions instead of attempting to force religious conformity. During the sixteenth century, to what use did Mughals put their increased global and local commerce? They used the resources to glorify their courts architecture and art. Which of the following accurately describes a change in Chinas economy during the Ming dynasty? Silver money replaced barter in Chinas internal markets. In Ming China, where did women find the greatest opportunities to obtain wealth and influence? As wives or concubines in the Forbidden City What was a similarity between the Ming and the Mughal dynasties? Both were able to limit European traders to port cities. Which of the following characterized the Portuguese presence in sixteenth-century Macao? The Portuguese used Macao as an entry into the lucrative import-export trade with China. In what way did the Spanish capture of Manila in 1571 inaugurate the first worldwide trade circuit? Manila gave the Spanish a base to trade silver from the Americas to China, and then Chinese goods to Europe. What advantage was provided by the English East India Companys royal charter? It gave exclusive rights to import East Indian goods into England. During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties? The European presence enhanced Asian rulers wealth and might.

Why I Would Benefit †Scholarship Template

Why I Would Benefit – Scholarship Template Free Online Research Papers Uxbridge is my home, my comfort zone, and deciding to leave Massachusetts, and even New England, to go to the University of Central Florida this upcoming fall was the hardest decision I’ve ever made. In doing so, I am placing a lot of extras on my plate. Things such as environment, distance, size, and money are all issues I have to face. However, I am more than willing to face each one that accompanies the decision I have made. The first three issues, environment, distance, and size, are all inevitable and come with my school choice. Adapting to a new environment is the first issue. I am use to the small, quite, calm town of Uxbridge which is completely different than the way I will be leaving in a few months in the large, busy, city of Orlando. Distance is another issue I am facing. UCF is over 1000 miles away from Uxbridge. Being so far away from my family, friends, and what I know is a scary thought for me. Being unable to come home on the weekend if I am home sick will be hard. Size, the third issue, is another change for me. I will be going from being 1 in about 500, and knowing most of my peers, to 1 in about 50,000, and knowing no one. However, I have thought about each one of these and none of them have been able to change my mind. Money is the forth issue that comes with my decision and is the only one that can effect it. In deciding to leave the state, I am ineligible for the Abigail Adams Scholarship that allows for free tuition to a Mass state school that I worked so hard to obtain. I am now faced to pay the $17,017 a year tuition of the school I fell in love with. With little financial aid offered from the school, finding ways to pay for this has been hard. Living with my single dad and two brothers, (Charles Wright ,17, Senior at UHS enter the Navy and Josh Wright,16, Junior at UHS applying for duel-enrollment at Johnson Wales) all of these upcoming changes have been difficult for my family. That is where the NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP comes into play. I would be honored to be considered for this scholarship. Any sort of assistance will benefit me and my family greatly and will also help to relieve my worries. Money, now a days, seems to control peoples live and I do not want to give up a dream for something th at seems so meaningless. Leaving Uxbridge is hard; however, knowing that the University of Central Florida is the right and best place for me gives me strength. I am willing to adjust and change my life for this, and my family and I would benefit greatly with the assistance of the NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP. Uxbridge is my hometown and everything I know. I will never forget it and the people who have helped me become the strong, independent woman that I will be upon graduation day. Without them, I would not be the person I am today. My only hope is I can return the favor in becoming the best person I can be. I feel UCF is the place I can do that and the NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP will help me get there. Research Papers on Why I Would Benefit - Scholarship TemplateTrailblazing by Eric AndersonPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

300 word essay on internet source Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

300 word on internet source - Essay Example Clotilda was instrumental in the conversion of Clovis to Christianity. Clovis prior to his marriage was a pagan ruler who believed in idol worship. Soon after his marriage, Clotilda wanted to him to convert to Christianity. She tried to do so by baptizing their first child, Ingomer, who died soon after being baptized, leaving Clovis unconvinced. And yet, when Clovis’ army seemed to lose in the battle against Alamanni, Clovis prayed to Jesus hoping he would be aided by the son of God as he had already been deserted by his pagan ones. In the passage what is apparent is that Gregory presents his work from the point of view of a Christian but with a leaning towards secularism. There seem to be gaps in the narrative; for example, why did the people welcome their conversion to Christianity from paganism, so easily, when Clovis himself was uncertain of their reactions? Modern day historians approach history from not just the manuscripts and fables passed down for generations and the academic and political scenario but take into account social norms and cultural environment when researching a period in history. Gregory in his time has written this work to convince people of the virtues of Christianity and writes about some of the miracles performed by saints like Remi, the bishop of Rheims. However, he also does mention how difficult it was for Clovis to let go of his faith and convert to Christianity and the fear of his acceptance by his

New product Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New product - Research Paper Example This pricing strategy allows the business to attract customers through using persuading the customers emotionally in terms of the pricing messages (Schlag & Schade, 2003). The business set the prices of their offerings at prices points that seem unusual which makes the customers feel that the prices offered are los. For instance, more consumers will go for the products with prices set at $29.99 rather than $30. This pricing strategy will attract the customers who usually look for value of the product. The preference of this method is due to the chance that if gives to the business allowing it to attract more customers without changing the content of the product. This pricing strategy allows the business to adjust pricing in favor of the customers with reference to variety of circumstances. The differential pricing may come in form of discounts coupons or rebates. The discounts will increase the number of customer since it attracts those who might not be able to afford the original price. The differential pricing serves as a form of incentive to the customer since it relieves them of the supposed high prices. This is a pricing strategy used by firms, which would like to sell different products in the same product range and at different prices points based on the features and benefits (Smith, 2012). It is suitable for the business since it would like to offer mobile grooming services that always come with multiple products. Mobile grooming is the primary while other product arises from this such as maintaining friendly environment for the pets. This strategy is suitable for Pyramid Solution business since it involves the firm being flexible in their prices (Smith, 2012). This pricing strategy allows the business to reduce the price of offering in the quest of attracting customers. It applies to almost all existing industries hence it will be suitable for the business. Road transport involves the use of the motorway network to transport goods to

Ford Motor Company SWOT Analysis

Ford Motor Company SWOT Analysis (S)trengths Ford is a well-known brand in the automobile industry and global markets, due to huge amounts of marketing and advertising. Ford is the one of the best known brands in the world. Ford has a greater amount of customer loyalty, and its individual brands have been enjoying the benefits of the good reputation. Ford has brands and models of cars that appeal to every kind of demographic group and cater for the needs and wants of consumers. Ford uses a unique concept of virtual assembly lines in their models through which they are able to reuse the same spare in their diversified model of cars. This enables Ford to lessen cost on production of new spares and competition market price. Ford provides the consumer more variety of cars and commercial vehicles, so consumer has more choices. Ford also supports racing teams which include NASCAR, Formula One and others. Through online marketing, Ford has the capability to provide the online consumer a selection of cars. Online, the consumer can customize the engine, colour, interiors and exteriors. Furthermore, Ford is maintaining the relations with high profiled companies like Suzuki and Isuzu to develop quality vehicles, in the part due to technological alliances between the companies. Ford is rich in operations and distribution efficiency. This is because manufacturing facilities operate its business in more than thirty countries and it enhances its manufacturing process in around 90 plants and facilities worldwide. The company always develops cars on standardized procedures and invest heavily in alternate fuel sources. Ford recruits qualified and skilled employees, maintaining a good relationship with them, by offering better work environments and competitive wages. Ford is more concerned about the working environment and safety aspects of the employees. (W)eaknesses The company has a lot of suffered due to product recalls, harming Fords brand image. This has  been a huge cost to the company, tarnishing the brand image and damaging Fords sales. Large unfunded pensions and various obligations are termed as the weakness of Ford automobile company. Ford takes more responsibilities in unfunded pensions, health care and life insurance obligations of the employee. Ford invests more money on maintaining a good working environment. Ford expanded its business operations in diversified geographical areas, so management is missing focus on performance and struggles with low productivity. Ford has kept increasing the productivity, while decreasing the cost and simultaneously counting the number of employees exit, decreasing employee loyalty towards the company. Ford does not have an effective cost management system and have not taken considerable efforts to overcome this, since they believed paying premiums in single supplier model. Ford does not concentrate and invest much for design phase and lack innovative design structures on their new paddle of cars. (O)pportunities The current Ford automobile company is producing the cars with low mileage and pick up. Ford has a great opportunity to produce fuel efficient cars and commercial vehicles. For example, the company produced vehicles that run on different forms of energy outside the petrol and diesel whereas cars can run on renewable energies like solar power and bio fuels. This can help the company to become pioneers in the industry. Ford has to expand more options in designing the cars and commercial vehicles are expected to switch toward the hybrid electric engines due to the limited petroleum. If the cars are designed based on electricity engines the consumers will show more interest to buy the cars, this is because when the car is run on electricity, the car repair charge will cheaper. Besides this, Ford has a chance to become more environment friendly company with cleaner engine emissions because hybrid engines are more fuel efficient and less polluting than conventional gasoline and diesel engines. Ford tried to diversify their market towards India and China in order to diversify their revenues because the two countries are well-known countries with large geographical markets and high populations. Most people in these two countries are interested in owning a four wheeler for their family. Ford launched a restructuring plan to improve the performance of its automotive business in North America. This plan aims to make the North American business more customer-focused, product-driven and efficient. The North American capacity is likely to be realigned to match demand, with 14 manufacturing facilities to be idled, resulting in significant cost savings and reduced employment. The way forward plan focuses on restoring Fords North American automotive operations to profitability. (T)hreats Increase the raw material like hard steel price and roll steel coil price will affect the margin price of the car. As a whole it will obviously affect the companys profit margin of the ford because of low margin price. Ford growth and development may effected by rapid growth in number of competitors in the automobile company. From the beginning America demanded automobile industry. Fords main competitors are General motors, Toyota, Honda, BMW, etc. Ford capital spending low on its operations and research development expenditure which could influence the company from going forward when compared to its competitors. The competitors are spending big amount on RD programmes. Although global warning turning out to be greatest threat and individual use of automobile vehicle increase the risk of further, the cars and other private vehicle are the part of basic necessity on a common mans view. Therefore this is believed that no real threat of substitutes exits today, but it is believed that choosing other forms of transport such as bicycles, public transports and sharing mobility would soon be imported in to the mind of people.

Lagos, Nigeria :: essays research papers

Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria. In 1989 the population was 1,274,000. It is still growing immensely as we speak. It is the former capital of Nigeria. It is located on the Gulf of Guinea. It occupies four islands(Lagos, Ikoyi, Victoria, and Ido). Lagos is Nigeria's largest city. It is the administrative and economic center of Lagos and also its main port. Main Industries include railroad repair, motor vehicle assembly, food processing, and the manufacture of metal products, textiles, beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, soap, and furniture. The city is a road and railroad center and has an international airport. In Lagos, education is usually private. There are both Boarding Schools and Home schooling and both cost a lot of money. Public Schools are not that common in Lagos like they are here. The main source of transportation in Lagos is Buses and â€Å"tracks." Tracks are a simple version of street cars. In Lagos, power failures, water-supply interruptions and traffic jams is very common due to the huge population. Pollution is a very serious problem because of the surrounding lagoons have been used as dumps for the past few years and the increase in factories and cars. There are many national institutions located in Lagos, among them are the National Museum, the National Library, the University of Nigeria, and the University of Lagos. Brief History The Portuguese, was the first to visit Lagos in 1472. It was later established as a slave-trading center. The area was under the rule of the Kingdom of Benin from the late-16th to the mid-19th century then in 1861. It was later taken over by the British.

Customs Broker

A BUSINESS PLAN AND ROLE OF A U. S. CUSTOMS BROKER TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I – BUSINESS PLAN: Executive Summary General Company Description Services Market Analysis Summary Management and Organization Financial Plan PART II – U. S. CUSTOMS BROKER ROLE: Role and Purpose of a Customs Broker Preparing for the Customs Broker License Exam Harmonized Tariff Schedule Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) Importer Security Filing/10+2 Entry Process Automated Brokerage Interface Automated Commercial System Sample Import/Export Frequently Used Documents EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCustoms Broker Experts, LLC is a certified woman-owned customs broker firm located in Chicago, IL. The company has been set up as an LLC company by the owner and licensed customs broker, A. The company’s goal is to become the preferred customs broker in the Chicagoland area, increasing profitability upward of 15% annually. Customs Broker Experts will process entry clearance of merchandise bein g imported through all major U. S. ports and comply with U. S. Customs clearance procedures, laws and regulations. The company will provide the services and filing procedures to customers so hey spend less time pouring over paperwork, and more time concentrating on their business. A, an experienced Supply Chain professional, will manage and operate the company as the licensed broker and general manager. With over ten years of import experience managing substantial volume from Mexico, Germany, China, and more recently Canada, A has the knowledge, commitment, and experience to lead a successful customs brokerage organization. GENERAL COMPANY DESCRIPTION: Customs Broker Experts, LLC offers customs clearance expertise to those in the business of importing goods from all over the world.The organization offers importers its thorough understanding of the rules and regulations of the United States Customs Border Patrol to ensure goods are in compliance and abide by government regulations. T he company will process all customs-required documentation, declare the value of the merchandise, classify the merchandise, rate and pay all applicable duties on behalf of the importer prior to releasing the goods to the customer. The company has secured a two-year contract with ABC Imports, LLC and will act as the customs broker for the company for said period of time. Contract renewal will take place 18 months into the contract.ABC Imports handles merchandise shipping from Mexico, Germany, and China. Based on forecasted projections, Customs Broker Experts will generate a profit by the end of the first year with a 15% increase the second year. The projected imports are expected to vary throughout the year with May through September serving as peak season. During peak season, the company projects to import about 800 trucks and railcars a month from Mexico through the port of Laredo, Texas; Eagle Pass, Texas; and Nogales, AZ. During off season, the company projects to clear approxima tely 575 shipments. SERVICES:Customs Broker Experts will provide prompt personalized service acting as an agent between the shipper and US Customs and other government agencies. It will be our job to be sure that the importer of record is in compliance with all Federal and State laws. All customs brokerage firms are required to have a Power of Attorney on file prior to transacting any Customs business on the behalf of the importer of record. This instrument allows the broker to transact Customs business only. The document indicates the US tax reporting number, and specifies if the importer is a corporation, partnership, sole proprietor or an individual.The following is a list of commodities the company will manage, to name a few: †¢ Artifacts †¢ Furniture †¢ Household Goods †¢ Manufactured Goods †¢ Perishables There is virtually no commodity Customs Broker Experts cannot clear. Customs Broker Experts’ fully automated processes will allow for error-fre e entry presentations as well as electronic payment of duties to U. S. Customs. The company will be certified by U. S. Customs to process entries nationwide acting as liaisons with the U. S. Government preparing and processing the required documentation and paying applicable duties.MARKET ANALYSIS SUMMARY During the first year, Customs Broker Experts will concentrate on clearing shipments originating in Mexico on behalf of ABC Imports, LLC. Customs Broker Exports will concentrate on importing from Mexico during its first year because: 1. Customs Broker Experts has extensive experience importing from this NAFTA partner. 2. This industry continues to grow as the Latino population increases in the United States. 3. Customs Brokers’ extensive experience and knowledge of the importing process adds value to its clientele.Classifying merchandise to identify a product for importing can be quite complex. This type of complexity requires collaboration and coordination between a credibl e and experienced customs broker, the importer of record, and U. S. Customs. Customs Broker Experts will be marketing the business in a number of ways. First and foremost will be the company’s website. The website will allow for potential customers to request a rate quote online. It will also serve as tool for existing customers by providing links to relevant government websites as well as status of their merchandise during the importation process.Customs Broker Experts will advertise in supply chain and transportation journals. The ads in these journals will provide visibility of Customs Broker Experts to manufacturers and buyers as well as importers and exporters. The company will extend their services to other importers in the following years by bidding in Request for Proposals (RFP’s) starting in the third quarter of the first year. MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION The founder of the company, A, has 10+ years of experience in the Supply Chain industry importing goods fr om Mexico, Germany, and China.More than eight of those years were in the area of Purchasing & Inventory Management with the last two years focused in Logistics and Distribution. Having conducted business with a wide array of brokers, both foreign and domestic, over the last ten years has given Gina Gonzalez the opportunity to understand the importation process. Gina Gonzalez will lead the company as President and licensed broker. Two part-time employees and two part-time interns will be focused on the administrative process of entering and clearing entries with U. S. Customs.The part-time employees will be junior and senior-level college students while the interns are in their freshman or sophomore year. Both the employees’ and interns’ area of study will be in International Business, Operations Management, or Supply Chain Management. A third full-time employee and part owner, C, will handle the IT operations of the business maintaining the company’s website, ED I (electronic data transmission), and ABI (Automated Broker Interface) service up to date. A fourth full-time employee will manage the account payables and receivables.Gina Gonzalez will oversee and be very much involved in the day-to-day operations with primary focus in marketing the company. As the company prepares to expand their services into the second year, an additional part-time employee will be added as well as an additional licensed individual. Although the company can operate with one sole licensed broker, the additional licensed professional will add value to the company and act as assistant manager in the absence of A. The company will also offer current employees the opportunity to take the customs broker exam with all exam fees sponsored by the company upon successful completion of the exam.This fringe benefit will be extended to employees who have been with the company for a minimum of 12 months. In the event of termination of employment within 12 months after reimbu rsement, the employee will be responsible for reimbursing the company. FINANCIAL PLAN The company will charge a per entry fee. In order to streamline charges, each entry will have a flat fee regardless of the mode of transportation—rail, truck, or intermodal. The average industry charge ranges between $30 to $60 depending on length and volume stipulated within the contract.By securing a two-year contract with ABC Imports, LLC, the company is able to offer a highly competitive rate of $45 per entry. Considering the projected entries for the first year, the company expects to generate a net profit by the end of the calendar year. A portion of the profit will be allocated to bring on additional staff as new contracts are acquired. The start-up funds will be drawn from a personal investment from A, $30,000, an investor and co-owner B, $15,000, and second investor and co-owner C, $5,000. A owns 75% of the company, with B owning 20%, and C 5%. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]